9/23模擬式數位學習 Simulation-based e-learning

1.模擬是什麼？
Instructional simulations are said to enable students to bridge the gap between reality and abstract knowledge by discovery method, to improve motivation and enhance learning by active student interaction. (Jong, 1991)

2.模擬如何協助學習者？

Presentation and Practive



Simulation

具體經驗 <------> 抽象概念
Concrete experience Abstract conceptualization

應用與驗證 <------> 觀察與反思
Active experientation Observation and reflection


Within the presentation mode, the hybrid simulation is much more effective than the pure simulation.

所以不能只有單純的模擬，同時必須考量教學設計。

DEMO：解剖青蛙的模擬

9/23資訊科技融入教學 Introduction to Integrating ICT in Education

Introduction to Integrating ICT in Education

Integrating educational technology into teaching Chapter 1

可由四個觀點來定義教育科技(Educational Technology)，媒體與視聽(Media and Audio-Visual)、電腦系統(Computer System)、教學系統與設計(Instructional Systems and Design)、職業訓練(Vocational Training)。

Media and Audio-visual
AECT defines educational technology as media for communicating concepts

Instructional Systems and Instructional Design
ISPE defines educational technology as media for communicating concepts

Vocational Training Tools(Technology Education)
ITEA defines educational technology as a “preparation for the world of work”

Computer-Based Systems
ISTE defines educational technology as “computers and related electronic resources”



從教育科技的發展歷史中，給我們的啟示如下：

1. 科技不是萬靈丹
2. 素養(literacy)提供有限的理由
3. 教師不是開發者
4. 可能並不等於適合的、可行的、或是必然的
5. 改變速度快到難以跟上
6. 較傳統的科技是有用的
7. 教師總是最關鍵的因素

科技教育中的議

• Societal Issues
• 經濟情況
• 反科技的態度
• 沒有小孩落後(No Child Left Behind Act)的政策執行
• Educational Issues
• 標準變動
• 對網際網路與遠距教學的倚賴
• 討論著，directed vs. inquiry based/constructivist 的教學方法
  
• Cultural & Ethnic Issues
• 數位落差
• 種族與性別的公平
• 特殊需求
  
• Legal and Ethical Issues
• 病毒/駭客入侵
• 抄襲
• 隱私/安全
• 著作權
• 非法下載/盜版軟體
• Emergent Trends
• 無線網路連結
• 科技的結合
• 行動設備
• 高速通訊
• 視覺環境系統
• 智慧化應用
  

ISTE NETS · S
Technology Foundation Standards for Students